We saw a patient today who is dealing with diabetes. I’ll talk about diabetes in the dog first. We’ll save cats for another blog. Now dogs only get Type I diabetes which is known as juvenile diabetes in humans. This type of diabetes appears when the pancreas has stopped producing insulin, and insulin replacement is necessary for these patients. The clinical signs include excessive drinking and urination, weight loss, poor appetite, and cataract formation. We can diagnose diabetes pretty easily with a urine sample and blood glucose measurement. Most dogs come into control if there are no complicating factors such as hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease), hypothyroidism, or uncontrolled infections. Control of diabetes includes daily insulin injections and a low calorie, high fiber diet. With some dedication from the family many dogs can live relatively enjoyable lives with this disease. Early detection and treatment, as well as close monitoring for any changes in control, are very important.
We start our insulin therapy at a conservative book dose. Within 7 to 10 days we perform a glucose curve by checking blood glucose levels every 2 hours during the day. If necessary, we will adjust the dose and repeat this curve every 7 to 10 days with appropriate dose changes until we have the correct insulin dose. We then check a fructosamine level quarterly or if any clinical signs recur. Fructosamine levels help gauge the average glucose levels over the previous week.
Diabetes can be a difficult disease for some families, but we have a pretty good success rate with most of our canine patients. We’ll discuss cats at another time. Don’t forget to email us with any questions.
Dr. Shrum
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